ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the prevalence of sleep and behavioral problems in a large sample of Nanjing preschoolers,and explore the relationship between them.Methods A total of 1327 children from 6 kindergartens of 2 districts in Nanjing,aged 3-6 years,were included in the study by using a stratified random sample survey method.Parents of these children completed a questionnaire including sleep habits and social characteristics of the children and their family.Behavioral problem scores were measured by the Achenbach children behavior checklist for children aged 1.5-5.0 years.The relationship between sleep and behavioral problems was tested using multivariate Logistic regression models to control for potentially confounding factors.Results Overall,52.68％ of the children were found to have sleep problems.The prevalence of sleep problems in boys was 56.11％,which was significantly higher than that (48.60％) in girls (P =0.006).The prevalence of total behavioral problems was 10.40％.Children with sleep problems had significantly higher prevalence and scores of total behavioral problems,internalizing syndrome and externalizing syndrome compared with those of children without sleep problems,and the differences were significant (P ＜ 0.05).In Logistic regression models,the children sleep problems were significantly contributed to total behavioral problems(OR =2.08,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion The children sleep problems are common and as a risk factor for behavioral problems in Nanjing preschoolers.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the basis for Chinese dietary exposure assessment database by classifying and coding the data from the national dietary survey and pollutant surveillance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The method, which combined CODEX food classifying and coding of Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) with Chinese food classification of food composition table, was applied to classify and code the data of 1 810 703 Chinese dietary consumption and 487 819 pollutant surveillance. The coding system was according to the first two letters of the respective food group that represent the type or source of foods, the last four digits represent the serial number of the food in the CAC food classification. If the foods can be found in CAC food code system, its original food code is used. The new codes corresponding with the foods which are not exist in CAC food code system, is added according to CAC coding methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Dietary consumption data were divided into 6 major categories, 19 types, 75 groups, the agricultural products of pollutant surveillance corresponding to 499 codes. Comparing with CAC food coding system, Chinese dietary consumption data have added F (candy snacks) and G (beverages) 2 major categories, 4 types, 33 groups, 302 new codes. The additional groups most were the processing food groups with Chinese characteristics, such as canned, beverages, candy, meat products.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The foundation of data communication to dietary exposure assessment has been established, and the connection of Chinese food classifying and coding with CAC data have been achieved.</p>